In recent years, the meaning of ‘social equality’ in the United States has changed significantly. Social equality refers to everyone in a society having equal rights, opportunities, and treatment, regardless of their background. Democrats emphasise diversity and equal opportunities for all groups. Republicans, however, often prioritise individual freedom and traditional values such as authority and religion.

Two parties, two worlds

Why is the gap between Democrats and Republicans growing? According to Chiara Vargiu, a postdoctoral researcher in Political Communication and Journalism, it’s because characteristics such as race, religion, place of residence, and social class are increasingly associated with a specific party. 'This leads to two political camps that are very homogeneous within their groups, but totally different from one another. Democrats mainly gain support from urban populations with diverse backgrounds and little religious affiliation. Republicans, on the other hand, are predominantly supported by rural, white, and Christian communities.'

Three reasons why division is dangerous

The growing division between the two parties poses a threat to democracy. Vargiu outlines three key reasons:

• Little shared identity between groups

• Leads to more extreme political views

• Political choices become personal

These consequences create an ‘us versus them’ mentality. As a result, an open debate or coming to an agreement within the American government has become increasingly difficult.

How Trump’s strategy changed the Republican Party

Division is also growing within the Republican Party, partly due to Donald Trump’s political style, says Vargiu. “Trump focuses on national pride, economic freedom, and preserving traditions. He makes provocative statements about immigrants and jokes about his own legal indictments.”

Some Republicans support his approach, but not all of them. “During the 2016 primaries, many party leaders backed candidates like Marco Rubio and Ted Cruz because they distanced themselves from Trump’s populist and controversial style. Paul Ryan, former Speaker of the House, frequently criticised Trump, accusing him of undermining democratic principles and damaging key institutions.”

Nonetheless, Trump’s populist approach proved effective. His election victory has led the party to focus even more on a highly loyal voter base. Cooperation with Democrats seems increasingly difficult, as issues like immigration and social equality have only grown more contentious. The deep divisions in America affect not only politics but also threaten the foundations of democratic collaboration – a topic that demands further exploration and discussion at the event.